{"id":6471,"date":"2024-05-03T00:15:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T21:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zcks.uoz.edu.krd\/?post_type=product&p=6471"},"modified":"2025-08-28T17:29:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T14:29:22","slug":"%da%98-%d8%a6%db%8e%d9%83%da%af%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%86%db%8e-%d8%a8%db%86-%da%98%db%8e%d9%83%da%a4%db%95%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%88%d9%86%db%8e","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/zcks.uoz.edu.krd\/?product=%da%98-%d8%a6%db%8e%d9%83%da%af%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%86%db%8e-%d8%a8%db%86-%da%98%db%8e%d9%83%da%a4%db%95%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%88%d9%86%db%8e","title":{"rendered":"\u0698 \u0626\u06ce\u0643\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06ce \u0628\u06c6 \u0698\u06ce\u0643\u06a4\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06ce\u060c\u0647\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0643\u06c6\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"

“\u067e\u06ce\u0634\u06af\u06c6\u062a\u0646” PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 4-1\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u067e. \u0647\u0640. \u062f. \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0626\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u0648\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0646<\/p>\n

\n

“\u0645\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645” PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 593-591<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u0645. \u062f. \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646<\/p>\n

\n

891-893 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0“P\u00ea\u015fek\u00ee\u015fkr\u00een”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assist. Prof. Dr. Nizar Ey\u00fbb Hesen<\/p>\n

\n

\u067e\u06ce\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0641\u06d5\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0641\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u06d5\u0647\u0627\u0648 (\u0661\u0665\u0660\u0661- \u0661\u0666\u0663\u0669) PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 42-5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/p>\n

\n

\u0631\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u06ce\u06b5 \u0648 \u0647\u06c6\u0632\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627 (\u0661\u0667\u0662\u0669-\u0661\u0667\u0664\u0667) PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 69-43<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u067e. \u062f. \u062e\u0647\u200c\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u200c\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u061b\u00a0 \u062f. \u0646\u0639\u0645\u06d5\u062a \u0634\u06d5\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0649<\/p>\n

\n

\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0648\u06ce\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06d5 \u0643\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u06d5\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1880 \u0640 1905).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 100-71<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u067e. \u0647\u0640. \u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0643\u06cc\u00a0 \u061b\u00a0 \u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\n

\u067e\u06ce\u06a9\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0647\u06c6\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u0649 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0644 \u06af\u06c6\u0631\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u06c6\u06a9\u06ce\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0644 \u0686\u06d5\u0631\u062e\u06ce \u0646\u06c6\u0632\u062f\u06ce \u062f\u0627 \u0661\u0668\u0660\u0660-\u0661\u0669\u0661\u0664 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 128-101<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n

\n

\u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0641\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06ce\u0644 \u0644\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u0627\u0646\u06cc (1812 \u2013 1813)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 162-129<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f. \u062f\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642<\/p>\n

\n

\u0695\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u06c6\u0632\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u06a9\u06c6 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0698\u06ce\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627 1813 – 1918. PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 199-163<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f. \u0628\u0698\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/p>\n

\n

\u0631\u06c6\u0644 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06ce\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06c6\u0643 \u0639\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06ce\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06ce\u0631\u06cc\u06ce\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0627 1842 _ 1914 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 236-201<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u06ce\u0631\u0634 \u0643\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\n

\u0631\u06ce\u06a9\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0626\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06ce \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06a9\u06d5\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u06ce\u0632\u0627 \u0634\u06ce\u062e \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u063a\u0627\u06ce\u0646 \u0647\u06c6\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0626\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u06cc\u0627 \u0626\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627 1858 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 274-237<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n

\n

\u067e\u0631\u06c6\u0633\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u062c\u06ce\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0641\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u062d\u06d5\u0645\u06d5 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0641 (\u0661\u0668\u0666\u0669-\u0661\u0668\u0668\u0661) \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 295-275<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f. \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0641\u0627 \u0695\u06d5\u0634\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n

\n

\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06d5\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06d5 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06ce\u0649 \u0647\u06c6\u0632\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0626\u06ce\u06b5\u0649 \u0628\u06b5\u0628\u0627\u0633 (1881-1914) PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 331-297<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f. \u0628\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0631\u00a0 \u061b\u00a0 \u067e. \u0647\u0640. \u062f. \u062f\u06b5\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646<\/p>\n

\n

\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u062d\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u06d5(1891-1923) “\u0644\u06ce\u0643\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0643 \u0644\u06d5\u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06c6\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u06ce\u06b5” PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 375-333<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u067e. \u0647\u0640. \u062f. \u0633\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u06d5\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0643\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u06d5\u0628\u062f\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u00a0 \u061b\u00a0 \u0645. \u0647\u0640. \u0631\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u06d5\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0643\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u062f<\/p>\n

\n

\u0626\u06c6\u0631\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0631: \u06af\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u06d5\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0627: \u0645\u06cc\u0698\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u06a4\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 414-377<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0640\u0647\u200c\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0640\u0627 \u0633\u0640\u0627\u0644\u062d (\u0639\u06d5\u0644\u06cc \u0626\u06c6\u0631\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n

\n

\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644 \u062f\u0647\u200c\u06a4\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062e\u06c6 \u0644 \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0645\u06ce \u062f\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u06ce\u0698\u0648\u0648\u06cc PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 443-415<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645. \u0647\u0640. \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n

\n

\u0639\u06d5\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06d5\u062a\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0695\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u0649 \u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u06b5\u067e\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 478-445<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645. \u0647\u0640. \u062d\u0645\u0632\u06d5 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d<\/p>\n

\n

\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u06cc \u0639\u06d5\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0698\u0648\u0648 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u06c6\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u06c6\u0631\u062f\u0627 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 517-479<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u067e. \u062f. \u067e\u06d5\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/p>\n

\n

\u0647\u06c6\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06d5\u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627 (\u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 (\u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d5)) \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 549-519<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0695\u0632\u06af\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u200c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u062f (\u0695\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0640\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n

\n

\u0643\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u0631\u06ce\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06af\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0627\u06a4 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06ce\u0646 \u062c\u06a4\u0627\u0643\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0695\u0647\u200c\u0646\u06af\u06a4\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0641\u06c6\u0644\u0643\u0644\u06c6\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627 (\u062d\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06c6\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u200c\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c) PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 589-551<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0640\u0647\u200c\u062f \u0626\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0631 (\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u06ce\u0644\u0627\u0632\u06cc)<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 636-595<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u062f. \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0640\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u00a0 \u061b\u00a0 \u0623. \u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (\u0639\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a)<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1514-1880) PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 676-637<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u062f. \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u00a0 \u061b\u00a0 \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a 1516 – 1914 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 708-677<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (1830-1850) PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 724-709<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u0645. \u062f. \u0646\u064a\u0698\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627) PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 756-725<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627. \u0645. \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\n

\u0639\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06d5 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1308\u0647\u0640 \u060c1890-1891\u0645 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 798-757<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 831-799<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f. \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n

\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 861-833<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0637\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/p>\n

\n

\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u0639\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648 \u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 PDF<\/span><\/a> <\/i> 889-863<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06a9\u0640\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc<\/p>\n

\n

895-920 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Di Berhem\u00ean Mark Sykes da E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan \u00fb Taybetmend\u00eey\u00ean Wan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Kenan BOZKURT<\/p>\n

\n

921-943 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Di Serdema Osman\u00ee de E\u015f\u00eer \u00fb Taybetmendiy\u00ean E\u015f\u00eera \u015eirnex\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Irfan YILDIRIM<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0945-958 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Ko\u00e7beriya E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurd \u00ean Rewan\u00ea ya Beriya \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea \u00fb Bicihb\u00fbna Wan a li M\u00fb\u015f\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. Nevzat EM\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n

\n

959-987 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Rola Dewleta Osman\u00eeyan di Yekhev\u00ee \u00fb Par\u00e7eb\u00fbna E\u015fir\u00ean Kurdan de (Nimuneya E\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Hekar\u00eey\u00ea)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abdurrahman IBRAH\u0130MO\u011eLU<\/p>\n

\n

989-1019 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0E\u015fira Alikan \u00fb Du Ed\u00eeb\u00ean V\u00ea E\u015f\u00eer\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Mehdi Zana KARAK\u00a0 ;\u00a0 Seher KARAK<\/p>\n

\n

1021-1054 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Rista Beg\u00ean Kurdan di \u00cest\u00eeqrara Civak\u00ee ya E\u015f\u00eeran de: M\u00eenaka Balokan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayhan YILDIZ<\/p>\n

\n

1055-1079 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Ajotina \u015eopa E\u015fir\u00ean Kurd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ey\u00fcp KIRAN<\/p>\n

\n

1081-1110 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Bir Modernle\u015fme Tecr\u00fcbesi Olarak Aile ve A\u015firet Dernekleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Mahmut KAYA<\/p>\n

\n

1111-1142 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0A\u015firet Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve A\u015firet Liderinin Devlet Otoritesi \u0130le \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin \u00dcNER<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a01143-1189 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> A\u015firet ve A\u015firet\u00e7ilik Ba\u011flam\u0131nda K\u00fcrt A\u015firetlerinin 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sosyo-Politik, Sosyo-Ekonomik\u00a0ve Sosyo-K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Yapisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Orhan \u00d6RS<\/p>\n

\n

1191-1219 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Merkeze Entegrasyon ve Kimlik Olu\u015fumu Ba\u011flam\u0131nda <\/strong>Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 ve A\u015firet Mektebi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Muzaffer B\u0130MAY<\/p>\n

\n

1221-1256\u00a0 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> 1891-1914 D\u00f6neminde Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n B\u00f6lgesel Politikas\u0131 Ba\u011flam\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00a0Milli A\u015firet Konfederasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Mehmet Emin G\u00dcLER\u00a0 ;\u00a0 Mustafa G\u00dcLER<\/p>\n

\n

1257-1277 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0The Life of Shepherds in the Nomadic Kurdish Clans<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Fuad Jomma\u00a0 ;\u00a0 Prof. Dr. Anita Adamczyk<\/p>\n

\n

1279-1322 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Nomadic Resilience: Investigating the Social Infrastructure of Kurdish Societies during the 1851-1914<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assist. Prof. Dr. Keivan Farhad Simko<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a01323-1340 <\/i> PDF<\/span><\/a> \u00a0The Concept of Revenge in \u201cThe Tale of Suto and Tato\u201d by Basil Nikitin and Ely Bannister Soane<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baroj Hashim Abdi<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0626\u06d5\u06a4 \u067e\u06d5\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0643\u06d5 \u062f \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u062a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0643\u06c6\u0645\u0627 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a4\u06d5\u0643\u06c6\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06ce\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06ce\u0646 \u0644 \u0647\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u0646 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":6473,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[420,595],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6471","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-420","7":"product_cat-595","8":"pa_-439","9":"pa_-427","10":"pa_-422","11":"pa_-423","12":"pa_-424","13":"pa_-425","14":"pa_-624","15":"pa_--444","16":"pa_--443","18":"first","19":"instock","20":"shipping-taxable","21":"product-type-external"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0698 \u0626\u06ce\u0643\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06ce \u0628\u06c6 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